Phonation, Emotion, Cognition, with Reference to the Brain Mechanisms Invloved
Abstract：Phylogenetic steps in the evolution of vocal communication have a bearing on the brain mechanisms involved in the emergence of human language and speech. A schema of the neuronal organization of voicing in a hierarchical manner is presented. At the lowest mesencephalic level the movements of the vocal apparatus are coordinated and integrated into species-specific vocal gestures. At the middle level these signals are controlled by the anterior limbic cortex, which serves this function in primates only, and only in the human species is the highest level around the cortical larynx and facial area actively involved in the vocal signalling process. This functional schema is used to explain the sequential stages in the ontogenetic process of phonemicization in the human infant, and special emphasis is placed on vocal-auditory feedback mechanisms which come into play from the lowest to the highest level of the central nervous system during maturation. Even feedback loops of the lowest level enable the distinction to be made between self-produced vocalizations and those produced by others. These mechanisms are thought to be an early means for the development of self-awareness. If one grants that the human infant possesses self-awareness, one must concede that such stages of the mind were developed before the emergence of the human species.
文章来源：Ciba Found Symp
发表年份：2018
APA: Ploog, & Detlev. (2018). Phonation, Emotion, Cognition, with Reference to the Brain Mechanisms Invloved. Ciba Foundation symposium (69),79-98.
The cognitive up- and down-regulation of positive emotion: Evidence from behavior, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging.
Abstract: Although numerous studies have investigated emotion regulation, the physiological responses and neural substrates of positive emotion regulation remain unclear. To address this question, we explored the effect of reappraisal on subjective experience, zygomatic electromyography (zEMG) response, and blood oxygen level response, using the same materials across three independent experiments. Behaviorally, up-regulating positive emotion increased the valence, arousal, and zEMG response, whereas down-regulating positive emotion decreased the valence, but not arousal or the zEMG response. The neuroimaging results indicate that reappraisal-related prefrontal and cingulate regions were recruited in both the up- and down-regulation conditions, while the bilateral occipital lobe was more active in the up-regulation than in the down-regulation. The psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that the prefrontal-subcortical (amygdala and ventral striatal) connections were primarily recruited during up-regulation. This study expands the research on emotion regulation and enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cognitive regulation of positive emotion.
文章来源：Biological Psychology
发表年份：2018
APA: Li, F., Yin, S., Feng, P., Hu, N., Ding, C., & Chen, A. (2018). The cognitive up- and down-regulation of positive emotion: evidence from behavior, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging. Biological Psychology(136),57-66.
Behavioural medicine and gastrointestinal disorders: the promise of positive psychology
Abstract: Psychosocial risk factors linked to brain–gut dysregulation are prevalent
across the spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders and are associated with poor patient outcomes. Robust and reproducible data in the areas of behavioural intervention science and the brain–gut axis have led to major advances in patient care, including the routine use of brain–gut psychotherapies to manage digestive symptoms and optimize coping. The logical next step for the emerging field of psychogastroenterology is to develop a scientific framework that enables the identification of those individual characteristics and coping styles that buffer patients against the negative psychological effects of chronic gastrointestinal disorders. A shift towards a strength-based, positive psychological science of gastrointestinal disorders could facilitate the integration of early, effective psychological care into gastroenterology practice. In this Perspective, I discuss the potential role of three human strengths with relevance to gastrointestinal health — resilience, optimism and self-regulation — and how these three constructs can be cultivated through existing or emerging brain–gut psychotherapies.
文章来源：Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
发表年份：2018
APA: Keefer, L. (2018). Behavioural medicine and gastrointestinal disorders: the promise of positive psychology. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 1.
